Critical Issues for the 21st Century
presented the major ethical theories and their app
lication in health care
as part of a foundation for the study of ethics. T
his chapter extends that
foundation by showing how those theories inform th
e principles used in health
care and apply to the issues in that field. The pri
nciples commonly used in
healthcare ethics—justice, autonomy, nonmaleficence
, and beneficence—
provide you with an additional foundation and tool
s to use in making ethical
decisions.
Each of these principles is reviewed her e. The concept of justice is presented last because it is the most complex. In addition, this chapter presents a model for decision making that uses yo ur knowledge of the theory and principles of ethics.
Increasingly, many of the moral difficulties in present day health care arise in complex organisa- tions where care is delivered by multidisciplinary clinical teams and influenced by a range of others including managers, boards and governments.' This, among other considerations, has led to the recent call for a code of ethics for all health care professions,5 and follows a number of expressions of concern voiced about the general ethical state of modern medicine.
Each of these principles is reviewed her e. The concept of justice is presented last because it is the most complex. In addition, this chapter presents a model for decision making that uses yo ur knowledge of the theory and principles of ethics.
Increasingly, many of the moral difficulties in present day health care arise in complex organisa- tions where care is delivered by multidisciplinary clinical teams and influenced by a range of others including managers, boards and governments.' This, among other considerations, has led to the recent call for a code of ethics for all health care professions,5 and follows a number of expressions of concern voiced about the general ethical state of modern medicine.
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